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Geochemical and Microbiological Processes that Affect Migration and Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents in Fractured-Sedimentary Rock — Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) Research Site, West Trenton, NJ

Results of a 3-year bioaugmentation remediation experiment and other research were described in posters at the SERDP/ESTCP Partners in Environmental Technology Technical Symposium & Workshop, November 29 — December 1, 2011 in Washington D.C.

Recent Publications:

Vinyl chloride and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cisDCE) degradation under 'Anoxic' conditions: USGS report by Bradley, 2012.	Reductive dechlorination requires threshold amounts of organic carbon: Remediation journal article by Chapelle and others, 2012.
Biostimulation and bioaugmentation field experiments show increased cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cisDCE) degradation: Remediation journal article by Bradley and others, 2012.	Site-scale TCE degradation rates from cisDCE and Chloride production: Remediation journal article by Chapelle and others, 2012.
Mapping, coring, and surface geophysics characterize geologic framework: Journal of Applied Geophysics article by Ellefsen and others, 2012.	Distinct vinyl chloride and cis-dichloroethene degradation under low- and no-oxygen conditions: Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation journal article by Bradley and Chapelle, 2011.
Contaminant removal during 15 years of pump & treat remediation: USGS report by Lacombe, 2011.	Hydrogeologic framework developed for understanding three-dimensional flow in dipping fractured rocks: Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation journal article by Lacombe and Burton, 2010.
Multi-well shutdown tests are a cost-effective method for characterizing the hydraulic characteristics of heterogeneous fractured rock: Ground Water journal article by Tiedeman and others, 2010.	Indicators for the bioavailability of dissolved organic carbon developed: Ground Water journal article by Chapelle and others, 2009.
Protocol validated for assessing biodegradation in fractured-rock aquifers: Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation journal article by Bradley and others, 2009.	Carbon monoxide variations related to recharge in fractured rock: Ground Water journal article by Chapelle and Bradley, 2007.

In 1993, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began studies of contamination in fractured-sedimentary bedrock in cooperation with the U.S. Navy at the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West Trenton, N.J.

In 2001, the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program initiated research at the NAWC to complement and expand the research being conducted on groundwater flow and contaminant transport in fractured bedrock at its Mirror Lake, New Hampshire Research Site. The NAWC site was chosen because the general hydrogeologic framework was well defined and the site contained extensive contamination over a range of geochemical conditions. Site groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOC's) that include trichloroethene (TCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethene, and vinyl chloride.

The research will provide understanding of the physical, chemical, and microbial processes that affect the transport and fate of chlorinated solvents in fractured-sedimentary-rock aquifers, including the role of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPL) as a long-term source. The research also will develop methods for cost-effective subsurface characterization.

Research at the site is a multidisciplinary, collaborative effort that presently involves scientists from the USGS, U.S. Navy, and several academic and private research institutions.